SENATE BILL
55th legislature - STATE OF NEW MEXICO - first session, 2021
INTRODUCED BY
Jacob R. Candelaria
AN ACT
RELATING TO FINANCE; AUTHORIZING THE NEW MEXICO FINANCE AUTHORITY TO MAKE LOANS FOR PUBLIC PROJECTS FROM THE PUBLIC PROJECT REVOLVING FUND; DECLARING AN EMERGENCY.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:
SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION OF PROJECTS.--Pursuant to Section 6-21-6 NMSA 1978, the legislature authorizes the New Mexico finance authority to make loans from the public project revolving fund for public projects as defined in Section 6-21-3 NMSA 1978. Pursuant to Section 6-21-6 NMSA 1978, loans of one million dollars ($1,000,000) or less do not require specific authorization and need not be identified in this act. Authorization is given to the New Mexico finance authority to make loans to the following qualified entities on terms and conditions established by the authority:
1. Aggie Development, incorporated, in Dona Ana county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
2. the city of Alamogordo in Otero county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, special assessment district and solid waste projects;
3. the Albuquerque-Bernalillo county water utility authority in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
4. the city of Albuquerque in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, special assessment district, rail spur and solid waste projects;
5. the Angel Fire public improvement district in Colfax county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
6. the village of Angel Fire in Colfax county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, special assessment district and solid waste projects;
7. the Anthony water and sanitation district in Dona Ana county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
8. the city of Aztec in San Juan county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
9. the city of Belen in Valencia county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
10. the Bernalillo county metropolitan court in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
11. the town of Bernalillo in Sandoval county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, special assessment district and solid waste projects;
12. the city of Bloomfield in San Juan county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
13. the Capitan municipal school district in Lincoln county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
14. the Carrizozo municipal school district in Lincoln county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
15. the Chama Valley independent school district in Rio Arriba county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
16. Cibola county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
17. the Cimarron municipal school district in Colfax county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, facilities acquisition and solid waste projects;
18. the Clayton municipal school district in Union county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
19. the town of Clayton in Union county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
20. the village of Cloudcroft in Otero county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
21. the Clovis municipal school district in Curry county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
22. the city of Clovis in Curry county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
23. the village of Corrales in Sandoval county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
24. the city of Deming in Luna county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
25. the Des Moines municipal school district in Colfax and Union counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
26. the Dexter consolidated school district in Chaves county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
27. Dona Ana county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
28. the Dora consolidated school district in Roosevelt county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
29. the Dulce independent school district in Rio Arriba county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
30. the East Rio Arriba soil and water conservation district in Rio Arriba county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
31. the eastern Sandoval county arroyo flood control authority in Sandoval county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
32. the town of Edgewood in Santa Fe county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
33. the Eldorado area water and sanitation district in Santa Fe county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
34. the Elephant Butte irrigation district in Dona Ana and Sierra counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
35. the city of Elephant Butte in Sierra county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
36. the Espanola public school district in Rio Arriba and Santa Fe counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
37. the Estancia municipal school district in Torrance county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
38. the town of Estancia in Torrance county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
39. the Eunice public school district in Lea county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
40. the city of Eunice in Lea county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
41. the Farmington municipal school district in San Juan county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
42. the Fort Sumner municipal school district in De Baca county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
43. the village of Fort Sumner in De Baca county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
44. the general services department of the state of New Mexico for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
45. the Grady municipal school district in Curry and Quay counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
46. the village of Grady in Curry county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
47. the Grants-Cibola county school district in Cibola county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
48. Guadalupe county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
49. the Hagerman municipal school district in Chaves county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
50. the Hatch Valley public school district in Dona Ana county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
51. the Hobbs municipal school district in Lea county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
52. the Hondo Valley public school district in Lincoln county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
53. the House municipal school district in Quay county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
54. the village of House in Quay county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
55. the Indian Pueblo cultural center in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
56. the Indian Pueblos federal development corporation in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
57. Indian Pueblos marketing, incorporated, in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
58. Innovate ABQ, incorporated, in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
59. IPFDC 2, limited liability company, in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
60. IPFDC 3, limited liability company, in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
61. IPMI 4, limited liability company, in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
62. IPMI 5, limited liability company, in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
63. IPMI 6, limited liability company, in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
64. IPMI hotel group, limited liability company, in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
65. the city of Jal in Lea county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
66. the Jemez Valley public school district in Sandoval county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
67. the Jicarilla Apache Nation in Rio Arriba county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
68. the Lake Arthur municipal school district in Chaves county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
69. the Las Cruces public school district in Dona Ana county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
70. the city of Las Cruces in Dona Ana county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, special assessment district and solid waste projects;
71. the Las Vegas city public school district in San Miguel county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
72. Lincoln county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, special assessment district, public improvement district and solid waste projects;
73. the Lordsburg municipal school district in Hidalgo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
74. the Los Alamos public school district in Los Alamos county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
75. the Los Lunas public school district in Valencia county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
76. the village of Los Lunas in Valencia county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
77. the Loving municipal school district in Eddy county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
78. the city of Lovington in Lea county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
79. the governing board of Luna community college in San Miguel county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
80. Luna county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
81. the Magdalena municipal school district in Socorro county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
82. the Maxwell municipal school district in Colfax county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, facilities acquisition and solid waste projects;
83. the village of Maxwell in Colfax county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
84. the Media Arts Collaborative charter school in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
85. the Melrose public school district in Curry, Roosevelt and Quay counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
86. the Mesa Vista consolidated school district in Rio Arriba and Taos counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
87. the governing board of Mesalands community college in Quay county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
88. the village of Milan in Cibola county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
89. the Mirador public improvement district in Los Alamos county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
90. Mora county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, special assessment district, public improvement district and solid waste projects;
91. the Mora independent school district in Mora county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
92. the Moriarty-Edgewood school district in Torrance county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
93. the Mosquero municipal school district in Harding county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
94. the town of Mountainair in Torrance county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
95. the board of regents of the New Mexico institute of mining and technology in Socorro county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
96. the spaceport authority in Dona Ana and Sierra counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
97. the board of regents of New Mexico state university for the arrowhead center in Dona Ana county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
98. the board of regents of New Mexico state university in Dona Ana county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
99. the board of regents of New Mexico state university for the Grants campus in Cibola county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
100. the north central regional transit district in Los Alamos, Rio Arriba, Santa Fe and Taos counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, railroad infrastructure and solid waste projects;
101. the northwest New Mexico regional solid waste authority in Cibola and McKinley counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
102. Otero county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
103. the Penasco independent school district in Rio Arriba and Taos counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
104. the Portales municipal school district in Roosevelt county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
105. the city of Portales in Roosevelt county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
106. the Pueblo of Acoma in Cibola county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
107. the Questa independent school district in Taos county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, facilities acquisition and solid waste projects;
108. the village of Questa in Taos county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
109. the Raton public school district in Colfax county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
110. the city of Raton in Colfax county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
111. the town of Red River in Taos county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
112. the city of Rio Rancho in Sandoval and Bernalillo counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, special assessment district and solid waste projects;
113. the Roosevelt county special hospital district in Roosevelt county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
114. the city of Roswell in Chaves county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
115. the Roy municipal school district in Harding county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
116. the San Jon municipal school district in Quay county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
117. the governing board of San Juan college in San Juan county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
118. San Juan county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
119. the San Juan soil and water conservation district in San Juan county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
120. the governing board of Santa Fe community college in Santa Fe county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, facilities acquisition and solid waste projects;
121. the Santa Rosa consolidated school district in Guadalupe county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, facilities acquisition and solid waste projects;
122. Sierra county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
123. the Socorro consolidated school district in Socorro county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
124. Socorro county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
125. the city of Socorro in Socorro county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
126. the south central solid waste authority in Dona Ana county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
127. the southern Sandoval county arroyo flood control authority in Sandoval county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
128. the southwest solid waste authority in Grant county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
129. the Springer municipal school district in Colfax and Union counties for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, facilities acquisition and solid waste projects;
130. the state parks division of the energy, minerals and natural resources department for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
131. the Taos municipal school district in Taos county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
132. the village of Taos Ski Valley in Taos county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
133. the Tierra y Montes soil and water conservation district in San Miguel county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
134. the Timberon water and sanitation district in Otero county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
135. the Truth or Consequences municipal school district in Sierra county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
136. the Tucumcari public school district in Quay county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
137. the city of Tucumcari in Quay county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
138. the Tularosa municipal school district in Otero county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
139. the 21st Century public academy in Bernalillo county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, facilities acquisition and solid waste projects;
140. Union county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
141. the Vaughn municipal school district in Guadalupe county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
142. the town of Vaughn in Guadalupe county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects;
143. the Wagon Mound public school district in Mora county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, facilities acquisition and solid waste projects;
144. the board of regents of western New Mexico university in Grant county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights, facility acquisition and solid waste projects;
145. the village of Williamsburg in Sierra county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects; and
146. the Zuni public school district in McKinley county for building, equipment, infrastructure, debt refinance, road, land acquisition, water, wastewater, water rights and solid waste projects.
SECTION 2. VOIDING OF AUTHORIZATION.--If a qualified entity listed in Section 1 of this act has not certified to the New Mexico finance authority by the end of fiscal year 2024 its desire to continue to pursue a loan from the public project revolving fund for a public project listed in that section, the legislative authorization granted to the New Mexico finance authority by Section 1 of this act to make a loan from the public project revolving fund to that qualified entity for that public project is void.
SECTION 3. EMERGENCY.--It is necessary for the public peace, health and safety that this act take effect immediately.
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