45th legislature - STATE OF NEW MEXICO - second session, 2002
RELATING TO CAPITAL FELONY SENTENCING; ABOLISHING THE DEATH PENALTY; PROVIDING FOR LIFE IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT POSSIBILITY OF RELEASE OR PAROLE; AMENDING AND REPEALING SECTIONS OF THE NMSA 1978.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:
Section 1. Section 31-18-14 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 1, as amended) is amended to read:
"31-18-14. SENTENCING AUTHORITY--CAPITAL FELONIES.--[A.]
When a defendant has been convicted of a capital felony, he
shall be [punished by life imprisonment or death. The
punishment shall be imposed after a sentencing hearing
separate from the trial or guilty plea proceeding. However,
if the defendant has not reached the age of majority at the
time of the commission of the capital felony for which he was
convicted, he may be sentenced to life imprisonment but shall
not be punished by death.
B. In the event the death penalty in a capital
felony case is held to be unconstitutional or otherwise
invalidated by the supreme court of the state of New Mexico or
the supreme court of the United States, the person previously
sentenced to death for a capital felony shall be] sentenced to
life imprisonment or life imprisonment without possibility of
release or parole."
Section 2. Section 31-20A-1 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 2) is amended to read:
"31-20A-1. CAPITAL FELONY--SENTENCING PROCEDURE.--
A. At the conclusion of all capital felony cases heard by jury, and after proper charge from the court and argument of counsel, the jury shall retire to consider a verdict of guilty or not guilty without any consideration of punishment. In nonjury capital felony cases, the judge shall first consider a finding of guilty or not guilty without any consideration of punishment.
B. Upon a verdict by the jury or judge that the
defendant is guilty of a capital felony, or upon a plea of
guilty to a capital felony, the court shall conduct a separate
sentencing proceeding to determine whether the defendant
should be sentenced to [death or life imprisonment as
authorized herein] life imprisonment or life imprisonment
without possibility of release or parole. In a jury trial,
the sentencing proceeding shall be conducted as soon as
practicable by the original trial judge before the original
trial jury. In a nonjury trial, the sentencing proceeding
shall be conducted as soon as practicable by the original
trial judge. In the case of a plea of guilty to a capital
felony, the sentencing proceeding shall be conducted as soon
as practicable by the original trial judge or by a jury upon
demand of a party.
C. In the sentencing proceeding, all evidence
admitted at the trial shall be considered, and additional
evidence may be presented as to the circumstances of the crime
and as to any aggravating [or mitigating circumstances
pursuant to Sections 6 and 7 of this act] circumstances
pursuant to the provisions of Section 31-20A-5 NMSA 1978.
D. In a jury sentencing proceeding, the judge shall give appropriate instructions and allow argument, and the jury shall retire to determine the punishment to be imposed. In a nonjury sentencing proceeding, or upon a plea of guilty, where no jury has been demanded, the judge shall allow argument and determine the punishment to be imposed."
Section 3. Section 31-20A-2 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 3) is amended to read:
"31-20A-2. DETERMINATION OF SENTENCE.--
A. Capital sentencing deliberations shall be
guided by [the following considerations:
(1)] whether aggravating circumstances exist
as enumerated in Section [6 of this act;
(2) whether mitigating circumstances exist as
enumerated in Section 7 of this act; and
(3) whether other mitigating circumstances
exist] 31-20A-5 NMSA 1978.
B. After weighing the aggravating circumstances
and [the mitigating circumstances, weighing them against each
other, and] considering both the defendant and the crime, the
jury or judge shall determine whether the defendant should be
sentenced to [death or] life imprisonment or life imprisonment
without possibility of release or parole."
Section 4. Section 31-20A-2.1 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1991, Chapter 30, Section 1) is amended to read:
"31-20A-2.1. [PROHIBITION AGAINST] CAPITAL PUNISHMENT OF
MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS--PRESENTENCING HEARING.--
A. As used in this section, "mentally retarded" means significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior. An intelligence quotient of seventy or below on a reliably administered intelligence quotient test shall be presumptive evidence of mental retardation.
B. The [penalty] sentence of [death] life
imprisonment without possibility of release or parole shall
not be imposed on [any] a person who is mentally retarded.
C. Upon motion of the defense requesting a ruling
that the [penalty of death be precluded under] sentence of
life imprisonment without possibility of release or parole be
precluded pursuant to this section, the court shall hold a
hearing, prior to conducting the sentencing proceeding under
Section 31-20A-3 NMSA 1978. If the court finds, by a
preponderance of the evidence, that the defendant is mentally
retarded, it shall sentence the defendant to life
imprisonment. A ruling by the court that evidence of
diminished intelligence introduced by the defendant does not
preclude the [death penalty under] sentence of life
imprisonment without possibility of release or parole pursuant
to this section shall not restrict the defendant's opportunity
to introduce such evidence at the sentencing proceeding or to
argue that that evidence should be given mitigating
significance. If the sentencing proceeding is conducted
before a jury, the jury shall not be informed of any ruling
denying a defendant's motion under this section."
Section 5. Section 31-20A-3 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 4) is amended to read:
"31-20A-3. COURT SENTENCING.--In a jury sentencing
proceeding in which the jury unanimously finds beyond a
reasonable doubt and specifies at least one of the aggravating
circumstances enumerated in Section [6 of this act and
unanimously specifies the sentence of death pursuant to
Section 3 of this act, the court shall sentence the defendant
to death. Where] 31-20A-5 NMSA 1978, the court shall sentence
the defendant to life imprisonment without possibility of
release or parole. When a sentence of [death] life
imprisonment without possibility of release or parole is not
unanimously specified, or the jury does not make the required
finding, or the jury is unable to reach a unanimous verdict,
the court shall sentence the defendant to life imprisonment.
In a nonjury sentencing proceeding and in cases involving a
plea of guilty, [where no] when a jury has not been demanded,
the judge shall determine and impose the sentence, but he
shall not impose the sentence of [death] life imprisonment
without possibility of release or parole except upon a finding
beyond a reasonable doubt and specification of at least one of
the aggravating circumstances enumerated in Section [6 of this
act] 31-20A-5 NMSA 1978."
Section 6. Section 31-20A-4 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 5) is amended to read:
"31-20A-4. REVIEW OF JUDGMENT AND SENTENCE.--
A. The judgment of conviction and sentence of
[death] life imprisonment without possibility of release or
parole shall be automatically reviewed by the supreme court of
the state of New Mexico.
B. In addition to the other matters on appeal, the
supreme court shall rule on the validity of the [death]
sentence of life imprisonment without possibility of release
or parole.
C. The [death penalty] sentence of life
imprisonment without possibility of release or parole shall
not be imposed if:
(1) the evidence does not support the finding of a statutory aggravating circumstance;
[(2) the evidence supports a finding that the
mitigating circumstances outweigh the aggravating
circumstances;
(3)] (2) the sentence of [death] life
imprisonment without possibility of release or parole was
imposed under the influence of passion, prejudice or any other
arbitrary factor; or
[(4)] (3) the sentence of [death] life
imprisonment without possibility of release or parole is
excessive or disproportionate to the penalty imposed in
similar cases, considering both the crime and the defendant.
D. No error in the sentencing proceeding shall result in the reversal of the conviction of a capital felony. If the trial court is reversed on appeal because of error only in the sentencing proceeding, the supreme court shall remand solely for a new sentencing proceeding. The new sentencing proceeding ordered and mandated shall apply only to the issue of punishment.
E. In cases of remand for a new sentencing proceeding, all exhibits and a transcript of all testimony and other evidence admitted in the prior trial and sentencing proceeding shall be admissible in the new sentencing proceeding, and:
(1) if the sentencing proceeding was before a jury, a new jury shall be impaneled for the new sentencing proceeding;
(2) if the sentencing proceeding was before a judge, the original trial judge shall conduct the new sentencing proceeding; or
(3) if the sentencing proceeding was before a judge and the original trial judge is unable or unavailable to conduct a new sentencing proceeding, then another judge shall be designated to conduct the new sentencing proceeding, and the parties are entitled to disqualify the new judge on the grounds set forth in Section 38-3-9 NMSA 1978 before the newly designated judge exercises any discretion."
Section 7. Section 31-20A-5 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 6, as amended) is amended to read:
"31-20A-5. AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES.--The aggravating circumstances to be considered by the sentencing court or jury pursuant to the provisions of Section 31-20A-2 NMSA 1978 are limited to the following:
A. the [victim was] defendant, with the deliberate
intent to kill, murdered a peace officer who was acting in the
lawful discharge of an official duty when he was murdered;
B. the murder was committed with the deliberate
intent to kill in the commission of or attempt to commit
[kidnaping] kidnapping, criminal sexual contact of a minor or
criminal sexual penetration;
C. the murder was committed with the deliberate intent to kill by the defendant while attempting to escape from a penal institution of New Mexico;
D. while incarcerated in a penal institution in
New Mexico, the defendant, with the deliberate intent to kill,
murdered a person who was at the time incarcerated in or
lawfully on the premises of a penal institution in New Mexico.
As used in this subsection, "penal institution" includes
facilities under the jurisdiction of the corrections [and
criminal rehabilitation] department and county and municipal
jails;
E. while incarcerated in a penal institution in
New Mexico, the defendant, with the deliberate intent to kill,
murdered an employee of the corrections [and criminal
rehabilitation] department;
F. the capital felony, with the deliberate intent to kill, was committed for hire; and
G. the capital felony, with the deliberate intent to kill, was murder of a witness to a crime or any person likely to become a witness to a crime, for the purpose of preventing report of the crime or testimony in any criminal proceeding or for retaliation for the victim having testified in any criminal proceeding."
Section 8. Section 31-21-10 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1980, Chapter 28, Section 1, as amended) is amended to read:
"31-21-10. PAROLE AUTHORITY AND PROCEDURE.--
A. An inmate of an institution who was sentenced to life imprisonment as the result of the commission of a capital felony, who was convicted of three violent felonies and sentenced pursuant to Sections 31-18-23 and 31-18-24 NMSA 1978 or who was convicted of two violent sexual offenses and sentenced pursuant to Subsection A of Section 31-18-25 NMSA 1978 and Section 31-18-26 NMSA 1978 becomes eligible for a parole hearing after he has served thirty years of his sentence. Before ordering the parole of an inmate sentenced to life imprisonment, the board shall:
(1) interview the inmate at the institution where he is committed;
(2) consider all pertinent information concerning the inmate, including:
(a) the circumstances of the offense;
(b) mitigating and aggravating circumstances;
(c) whether a deadly weapon was used in the commission of the offense;
(d) whether the inmate is a habitual offender;
(e) the reports filed under Section
31-21-9 NMSA 1978; and
(f) the reports of such physical and
mental examinations as have been made while in [prison] an
institution;
(3) make a finding that a parole is in the best interest of society and the inmate; and
(4) make a finding that the inmate is able and willing to fulfill the obligations of a law-abiding citizen.
If parole is denied, the inmate sentenced to life imprisonment shall again become entitled to a parole hearing at two-year intervals. The board may, on its own motion, reopen any case in which a hearing has already been granted and parole denied.
B. An inmate of an institution who was sentenced to life imprisonment without possibility of release or parole as the result of the commission of a capital felony is not eligible for parole and shall remain incarcerated for the entirety of his natural life.
[B.] C. Unless the board finds that it is in the
best interest of society and the parolee to reduce the period
of parole, a person who was convicted of a capital felony
shall be required to undergo a minimum period of parole of
five years. During the period of parole, the person shall be
under the guidance and supervision of the board.
[C.] D. An inmate who was convicted of a first,
second or third degree felony and who has served the sentence
of imprisonment imposed by the court in [a corrections
facility] an institution designated by the corrections
department shall be required to undergo a two-year period of
parole. An inmate who was convicted of a fourth degree felony
and who has served the sentence of imprisonment imposed by the
court in [a corrections facility] an institution designated by
the corrections department shall be required to undergo a one-year period of parole. During the period of parole, the
person shall be under the guidance and supervision of the
board.
[D.] E. Every person while on parole shall remain
in the legal custody of the institution from which he was
released, but shall be subject to the orders of the board.
The board shall furnish to each inmate as a prerequisite to
his release under its supervision a written statement of the
conditions of parole that shall be accepted and agreed to by
the inmate as evidenced by his signature affixed to a
duplicate copy to be retained in the files of the board. The
board shall also require as a prerequisite to release the
submission and approval of a parole plan. If an inmate
refuses to affix his signature to the written statement of the
conditions of his parole or does not have an approved parole
plan, he shall not be released and shall remain in the custody
of the [corrections facility] institution in which he has
served his sentence, excepting parole, until such time as the
period of parole he was required to serve, less meritorious
deductions, if any, expires, at which time he shall be
released from that [facility] institution without parole, or
until such time that he evidences his acceptance and agreement
to the conditions of parole as required or receives approval
for his parole plan or both. Time served from the date that
an inmate refuses to accept and agree to the conditions of
parole or fails to receive approval for his parole plan shall
reduce the period, if any, to be served under parole at a
later date. If the district court has ordered that the inmate
make restitution to a victim as provided in Section 31-17-1
NMSA 1978, the board shall include restitution as a condition
of parole. The board shall also personally apprise the inmate
of the conditions of parole and his duties relating thereto.
[E.] F. When a person on parole has performed the
obligations of his release for the period of parole provided
in this section, the board shall make a final order of
discharge and issue him a certificate of discharge.
[F.] G. Pursuant to the provisions of Section
31-18-15 NMSA 1978, the board shall require the inmate as a
condition of parole:
(1) to pay the actual costs of his parole services to the adult probation and parole division of the corrections department for deposit to the corrections department intensive supervision fund not exceeding one thousand twenty dollars ($1,020) annually to be paid in monthly installments of not less than fifteen dollars ($15.00) and not more than eighty-five dollars ($85.00), subject to modification by the adult probation and parole division on the basis of changed financial circumstances; and
(2) to reimburse a law enforcement agency or local crime stopper program for the amount of any reward paid by the agency or program for information leading to his arrest, prosecution or conviction.
[G.] H. The provisions of this section shall apply
to all inmates except geriatric, permanently incapacitated and
terminally ill inmates eligible for the medical and geriatric
parole program as provided by the Parole Board Act."
Section 9. REPEAL.--Sections 31-14-1 through 31-14-16 and 31-20A-6 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1929, Chapter 69, Sections 1 through 10, Laws 1955, Chapter 127, Section 1, Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 9, Laws 1955, Chapter 127, Sections 3 and 4, Laws 1929, Chapter 69, Sections 12 and 13 and Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 7, as amended) are repealed.
Section 10. APPLICABILITY.--The provisions of this act apply only to persons convicted of a capital felony offense committed on or after July 1, 2002. As to persons convicted of a capital felony offense committed prior to July 1, 2002, the laws with respect to capital felony offenses in effect at the time the offense was committed shall apply.
Section 11. EFFECTIVE DATE.--The effective date of the provisions of this act is July 1, 2002.