SENATE BILL 316

51st legislature - STATE OF NEW MEXICO - second session, 2014

INTRODUCED BY

Jacob R. Candelaria

AN ACT

RELATING TO CRIMINAL LAW; CREATING THE CRIME OF AGGRAVATED HARASSMENT; DEFINING "PATTERN OF CONDUCT"; INCLUDING AGGRAVATED HARASSMENT IN CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO CHILD CUSTODY; INCLUDING AGGRAVATED HARASSMENT IN CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO CRIME VICTIMS; PROVIDING PENALTIES.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:

     SECTION 1. A new section of the Criminal Code is enacted to read:

     "[NEW MATERIAL] AGGRAVATED HARASSMENT--PENALTIES.--

          A. Aggravated harassment consists of harassment perpetrated by a person:

                (1) whose actions can be reasonably believed to be motivated by any of the following, whether actual or perceived, with respect to an individual or a person with whom an individual is associated:

                     (a) race;

                     (b) age;

                     (c) religion;

                     (d) color;

                     (e) national origin;

                     (f) ancestry;

                     (g) sex;

                     (h) gender;

                     (i) gender identity;

                     (j) sexual orientation;

                     (k) physical appearance;

                     (l) socioeconomic status;

                     (m) level of education;

                     (n) spousal affiliation;

                     (o) physical, mental, developmental or sensory disability; or

                     (p) medical condition;

                (2) when the person is in possession of a deadly weapon; or

                (3) when the victim is less than sixteen years of age.

          B. Whoever commits aggravated harassment is guilty of a fourth degree felony. Upon a second or subsequent conviction, the offender is guilty of a third degree felony.

          C. In addition to the penalties provided in this section, the court shall order a person convicted of aggravated harassment to participate in and complete a program of professional counseling at the person's own expense."

     SECTION 2. Section 30-1-15 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 2002, Chapter 34, Section 1 and Laws 2002, Chapter 35, Section 1, as amended) is amended to read:

     "30-1-15. ALLEGED VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC ABUSE, STALKING OR SEXUAL ASSAULT--FORBEARANCE OF COSTS.--

          A. An alleged victim of an offense specified in Subsection B of this section is not required to bear the cost of:

                (1) the prosecution of a misdemeanor or felony domestic violence offense, including costs associated with filing a criminal charge against an alleged perpetrator of the offense;

                (2) the filing, issuance or service of a warrant;

                (3) the filing, issuance or service of a witness subpoena; or

                (4) the filing, issuance, registration or service of a protection order.

          B. The provisions of Subsection A of this section apply to:

                (1) alleged victims of domestic abuse as defined in Section 40-13-2 NMSA 1978;

                (2) sexual offenses described in Sections

30-9-11 through 30-9-14 and 30-9-14.3 NMSA 1978;

                (3) crimes against household members described in Sections 30-3-12 through 30-3-16 NMSA 1978;

                (4) harassment, stalking and aggravated stalking described in Sections 30-3A-2 through 30-3A-3.1 NMSA 1978 and aggravated harassment described in Section 1 of this 2014 act; and

                (5) the violation of an order of protection that is issued pursuant to the Family Violence Protection Act or entitled to full faith and credit."

     SECTION 3. Section 30-3A-2 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1997, Chapter 10, Section 2) is amended to read:

     "30-3A-2. HARASSMENT--[PENALTIES] PENALTY.--

          A. Harassment consists of knowingly pursuing a pattern of conduct that is intended to annoy, seriously alarm or terrorize another person and that serves no lawful purpose. The conduct must be such that it would cause a reasonable person to suffer substantial emotional distress.

          B. For the purpose of this section, "pattern of conduct" means two or more acts committed on more than one occasion, whether directly, indirectly or through third parties.

          [B.] C. Whoever commits harassment is guilty of a misdemeanor."

     SECTION 4. Section 40-4-9.1 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1986, Chapter 41, Section 1, as amended) is amended to read:

     "40-4-9.1. JOINT CUSTODY--STANDARDS FOR DETERMINATION--PARENTING PLAN.--

          A. There shall be a presumption that joint custody is in the best interests of a child in an initial custody determination. An award of joint custody does not imply an equal division of financial responsibility for the child. Joint custody shall not be awarded as a substitute for an existing custody arrangement unless there has been a substantial and material change in circumstances since the entry of the prior custody order or decree, which change affects the welfare of the child such that joint custody is presently in the best interests of the child. With respect to any proceeding in which it is proposed that joint custody be terminated, the court shall not terminate joint custody unless there has been a substantial and material change in circumstances affecting the welfare of the child, since entry of the joint custody order, such that joint custody is no longer in the best interests of the child.

          B. In determining whether a joint custody order is in the best interests of the child, in addition to the factors provided in Section 40-4-9 NMSA 1978, the court shall consider the following factors:

                (1) whether the child has established a close relationship with each parent;

                (2) whether each parent is capable of providing adequate care for the child throughout each period of responsibility, including arranging for the child's care by others as needed;

                (3) whether each parent is willing to accept all responsibilities of parenting, including a willingness to accept care of the child at specified times and to relinquish care to the other parent at specified times;

                (4) whether the child can best maintain and strengthen a relationship with both parents through predictable, frequent contact and whether the child's development will profit from such involvement and influence from both parents;

                (5) whether each parent is able to allow the other to provide care without intrusion, that is, to respect the other's parental rights and responsibilities and right to privacy;

                (6) the suitability of a parenting plan for the implementation of joint custody, preferably, although not necessarily, one arrived at through parental agreement;

                (7) geographic distance between the parents' residences;

                (8) willingness or ability of the parents to communicate, cooperate or agree on issues regarding the child's needs; and

                (9) whether a judicial adjudication has been made in a prior or the present proceeding that either parent or other person seeking custody has engaged in one or more acts of domestic abuse against the child, a parent of the child or other household member. If a determination is made that domestic abuse has occurred, the court shall set forth findings that the custody or visitation ordered by the court adequately protects the child, the abused parent or other household member.

          C. In any proceeding in which the custody of a child is at issue, the court shall not prefer one parent as a custodian solely because of gender.

          D. In any case in which the parents agree to a form of custody, the court should award custody consistent with the agreement unless the court determines that such agreement is not in the best interests of the child.

          E. In making an order of joint custody, the court may specify the circumstances, if any, under which the consent of both legal custodians is required to be obtained in order to exercise legal control of the child and the consequences of the failure to obtain mutual consent.

          F. When joint custody is awarded, the court shall approve a parenting plan for the implementation of the prospective custody arrangement prior to the award of joint custody. The parenting plan shall include a division of a child's time and care into periods of responsibility for each parent. It may also include:

                (1) statements regarding the child's religion, education, child care, recreational activities and medical and dental care;

                (2) designation of specific decision-making responsibilities;

                (3) methods of communicating information about the child, transporting the child, exchanging care for the child and maintaining telephone and mail contact between parent and child;

                (4) procedures for future decision-making, including procedures for dispute resolution; and

                (5) other statements regarding the welfare of the child or designed to clarify and facilitate parenting under joint custody arrangements.

     In a case where joint custody is not agreed to or necessary aspects of the parenting plan are contested, the parties shall each submit parenting plans. The court may accept the plan proposed by either party or it may combine or revise these plans as it deems necessary in the child's best interests. The time of filing of parenting plans shall be set by local rule. A plan adopted by the court shall be entered as an order of the court.

          G. Where custody is contested, the court shall refer that issue to mediation if feasible. The court may also use auxiliary services such as professional evaluation by application of Rule 706 of the New Mexico Rules of Evidence or Rule 53 of the Rules of Civil Procedure for the District Courts.

          H. Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, access to records and information pertaining to a minor child, including medical, dental and school records, shall not be denied to a parent because that parent is not the child's physical custodial parent or because that parent is not a joint custodial parent.

          I. Whenever a request for joint custody is granted or denied, the court shall state in its decision its basis for granting or denying the request for joint custody. A statement that joint custody is or is not in the best interests of the child is not sufficient to meet the requirements of this subsection.

          J. An award of joint custody means that:

                (1) each parent shall have significant, well-defined periods of responsibility for the child;

                (2) each parent shall have, and be allowed and expected to carry out, responsibility for the child's financial, physical, emotional and developmental needs during that parent's periods of responsibility;

                (3) the parents shall consult with each other on major decisions involving the child before implementing those decisions; that is, neither parent shall make a decision or take an action [which] that results in a major change in a child's life until the matter has been discussed with the other parent and the parents agree. If the parents, after discussion, cannot agree and if one parent wishes to effect a major change while the other does not wish the major change to occur, then no change shall occur until the issue has been resolved as provided in this subsection;

                (4) the following guidelines apply to major changes in a child's life:

                     (a) if either parent plans to change [his] the parent's home city or state of residence, [he] that parent shall provide to the other parent thirty days' notice in writing stating the date and destination of move;

                     (b) the religious denomination and religious activities, or lack thereof, [which] that were being practiced during the marriage should not be changed unless the parties agree or it has been otherwise resolved as provided in this subsection;

                     (c) both parents shall have access to school records, teachers and activities. The type of education, public or private, [which] that was in place during the marriage should continue, whenever possible, and school districts should not be changed unless the parties agree or it has been otherwise resolved as provided in this subsection;

                     (d) both parents shall have access to medical and dental treatment providers and records. Each parent has authority to make emergency medical decisions. Neither parent may contract for major elective medical or dental treatment unless both parents agree or it has been otherwise resolved as provided in this subsection; and

                     (e) both parents may attend the child's public activities and both parents should know the necessary schedules. Whatever recreational activities the child participated in during the marriage should continue with the child's agreement, regardless of which of the parents has physical custody. Also, neither parent may enroll the child in a new recreational activity unless the parties agree or it has been otherwise resolved as provided in this subsection; and

                (5) decisions regarding major changes in a child's life may be decided by:

                     (a) agreement between the joint custodial parents;

                     (b) requiring that the parents seek family counseling, conciliation or mediation service to assist in resolving their differences;

                     (c) agreement by the parents to submit the dispute to binding arbitration;

                     (d) allocating ultimate responsibility for a particular major decision area to one legal custodian;

                     (e) terminating joint custody and awarding sole custody to one person;

                     (f) reference to a master pursuant to Rule 53 of the Rules of Civil Procedure for the District Courts; or

                     (g) the district court.

          K. When [any] a person other than a natural or adoptive parent seeks custody of a child, no such person shall be awarded custody absent a showing of unfitness of the natural or adoptive parent.

          L. As used in this section:

                (1) "child" means a person under the age of eighteen;

                (2) "custody" means the authority and responsibility to make major decisions in a child's best interests in the areas of residence, medical and dental treatment, education or child care, religion and recreation;

                (3) "domestic abuse" means any incident by a household member against another household member resulting in:

                     (a) physical harm;

                     (b) severe emotional distress;

                     (c) a threat causing imminent fear of physical harm by any household member;

                     (d) criminal trespass;

                     (e) criminal damage to property;

                     (f) stalking or aggravated stalking, as provided in Sections 30-3A-3 and 30-3A-3.1 NMSA 1978; or

                     (g) harassment, as provided in Section 30-3A-2 NMSA 1978 or aggravated harassment, as provided in Section 1 of this 2014 act;

                (4) "joint custody" means an order of the court awarding custody of a child to two parents. Joint custody does not imply an equal division of the child's time between the parents or an equal division of financial responsibility for the child;

                (5) "parent" means a natural parent, adoptive parent or person who is acting as a parent who has or shares legal custody of a child or who claims a right to have or share legal custody;

                (6) "parenting plan" means a document submitted for approval of the court setting forth the responsibilities of each parent individually and the parents jointly in a joint custody arrangement;

                (7) "period of responsibility" means a specified period of time during which a parent is responsible for providing for a child's physical, developmental and emotional needs, including the decision-making required in daily living. Specified periods of responsibility shall not be changed in an instance or more permanently except by the methods of decision-making described under Subsection [L] J of this section;

                (8) "sole custody" means an order of the court awarding custody of a child to one parent; and

                (9) "visitation" means a period of time available to a noncustodial parent, under a sole custody arrangement, during which a child resides with or is under the care and control of the noncustodial parent."

     SECTION 5. EFFECTIVE DATE.--The effective date of the provisions of this act is July 1, 2014.

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