HOUSE BILL 163
48th legislature - STATE OF NEW MEXICO - first session, 2007
INTRODUCED BY
John A. Heaton
AN ACT
RELATING TO CRIMINAL LAW; PROVIDING FOR JUSTIFIABLE USE OF DEFENSIVE FORCE.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:
Section 1. Section 30-2-7 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1963, Chapter 303, Section 2-8) is amended to read:
"30-2-7. JUSTIFIABLE HOMICIDE OR USE OF FORCE BY CITIZEN.--
A. Homicide or the use of force, including deadly force, is justifiable when committed by any person in any of the following cases:
[A.] (1) when committed in the necessary defense of [his] life, [his] family or [his] property or in necessarily defending against any unlawful action directed against [himself, his wife] the person or the person's spouse or family;
[B.] (2) when committed in the lawful defense of [himself] that person or of another and when there [is a] are reasonable [ground] grounds to believe a design exists to commit a felony or to do some great personal injury against such person or another, and there is imminent danger that the design will be accomplished; or
[C.] (3) when necessarily committed in attempting, by lawful ways and means, to apprehend any person for any felony committed in [his] the person's presence or in lawfully suppressing any riot or in necessarily and lawfully keeping and preserving the peace.
B. A person who uses defensive force, including deadly force, shall be presumed to have reasonably feared imminent death or great bodily harm, or the commission of a felony upon the person or another or upon the person's dwelling or immediate premises, or against a vehicle that the person was occupying, if the person against whom defensive force was used was in the process of unlawfully and forcibly entering, or had unlawfully and forcibly entered, the dwelling or immediate premises or occupied vehicle, or if that person had unlawfully removed, or was attempting to unlawfully remove, another against that person's will from that dwelling or immediate premises or occupied vehicle, and the person who used defensive force knew or had reason to believe that the forcible entry or unlawful and forcible act was occurring or had occurred. The presumption in this subsection shall not apply if:
(1) the person against whom defensive force is used has a right to be in or is a lawful resident or owner of the dwelling or immediate premises or vehicle;
(2) the person using defensive force is engaged in criminal activity; or
(3) the person against whom defensive force is used is a law enforcement officer engaged in the performance of official duties.
C. A person who is not the initial aggressor and is not engaged in criminal activity shall have no duty to retreat before using force under Subsection A of this section if the person is in a place where the person has a right to be, and no finder of fact shall be permitted to consider the person's failure to retreat as evidence that the person's use of force was unnecessary, excessive or unreasonable."
Section 2. Section 30-2-8 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1963, Chapter 303, Section 2-9) is amended to read:
"30-2-8. WHEN HOMICIDE OR USE OF FORCE IS EXCUSABLE OR JUSTIFIABLE DEFENDANT TO BE ACQUITTED.--If a defendant's conduct is in accordance with Section 30-2-7 NMSA 1978, it shall constitute a defense to prosecution for any crime based on that conduct. Whenever [any] a person is prosecuted for a homicide or use of defensive force, including deadly force, and, upon [his] the person's trial, the killing [shall be] or use of defensive force is found to have been excusable or justifiable, the jury shall find [such] the person not guilty and [he] the person shall be discharged."
Section 3. Section 31-23-1 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1985, Chapter 152, Section 1) is amended to read:
"31-23-1. CIVIL ACTION--CRIME--DAMAGES--IMMUNITY.--
A. No person shall be liable to a plaintiff in any civil action for damages if by a preponderance of the evidence the damages were incurred as a consequence of:
[A.] (1) the commission, attempted commission or flight subsequent to the commission of a crime by the plaintiff; and
[B.] (2) the use of force or deadly force by the defendant [which] that is justified pursuant to common law or the law of the state.
B. The court shall award reasonable attorney fees, court costs, compensation for loss of income and all expenses incurred by the defendant in defense of any civil action brought by a plaintiff if the court finds that the defendant is not liable as provided in Subsection A of this section."
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