46th legislature - STATE OF NEW MEXICO - first session, 2003

RELATING TO CAPITAL FELONY SENTENCING; PROVIDING FOR LIFE IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT POSSIBILITY OF RELEASE OR PAROLE; EXPANDING THE LIST OF AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES CONSIDERED IN A CAPITAL FELONY CASE; AMENDING AND REPEALING SECTIONS OF THE NMSA 1978.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:

Section 1. Section 31-18-14 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 1, as amended) is amended to read:

"31-18-14. SENTENCING AUTHORITY--CAPITAL FELONIES.--

A. When a defendant has been convicted of a capital felony, he shall be punished by life imprisonment without possibility of release or parole or death. The punishment shall be imposed after a sentencing hearing separate from the trial or guilty plea proceeding. However, if the defendant has not reached the age of majority at the time of the commission of the capital felony for which he was convicted, he may be sentenced to life imprisonment without possibility of release or parole but shall not be punished by death.

B. In the event the death penalty in a capital felony case is held to be unconstitutional or otherwise invalidated by the supreme court of the state of New Mexico or the supreme court of the United States, the person previously sentenced to death for a capital felony shall be sentenced to life imprisonment without possibility of release or parole."

Section 2. Section 31-18-23 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1994, Chapter 24, Section 2, as amended) is amended to read:

"31-18-23. THREE VIOLENT FELONY CONVICTIONS--MANDATORY LIFE IMPRISONMENT--EXCEPTION.--

A. When a defendant is convicted of a third violent felony, and each violent felony conviction is part of a separate transaction or occurrence, and at least the third violent felony conviction is in New Mexico, the defendant [shall], in addition to the sentence imposed for the third violent conviction [when that sentence does not result in death], shall be punished by a sentence of life imprisonment. The life imprisonment sentence shall be subject to parole pursuant to the provisions of Section 31-21-10 NMSA 1978.

B. The sentence of life imprisonment shall be imposed after a sentencing hearing, separate from the trial or guilty plea proceeding resulting in the third violent felony conviction, pursuant to the provisions of Section 31-18-24 NMSA 1978.

C. For the purpose of this section, a violent felony conviction incurred by a defendant before he reaches the age of eighteen shall not count as a violent felony conviction.

D. When a defendant has a felony conviction from another state, the felony conviction shall be considered a violent felony for the purposes of the Criminal Sentencing Act if that crime would be considered a violent felony in New Mexico.

E. As used in the Criminal Sentencing Act:

(1) "great bodily harm" means an injury to the person that creates a high probability of death or that causes serious disfigurement or that results in permanent loss or impairment of the function of any member or organ of the body; and

(2) "violent felony" means:

(a) murder in the [first or] second degree, as provided in Section 30-2-1 NMSA 1978;

(b) shooting at or from a motor vehicle resulting in great bodily harm, as provided in Subsection B of Section 30-3-8 NMSA 1978;

(c) kidnapping resulting in great bodily harm inflicted upon the victim by his captor, as provided in Subsection B of Section 30-4-1 NMSA 1978; [and]

(d) criminal sexual penetration, as provided in Subsection C or Paragraph (5) or (6) of Subsection D of Section 30-9-11 NMSA 1978; and

(e) robbery while armed with a deadly weapon resulting in great bodily harm as provided in Section 30-16-2 NMSA 1978 and Subsection A of Section 30-1-12 NMSA 1978."

Section 3. Section 31-20A-1 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 2) is amended to read:

"31-20A-1. CAPITAL FELONY--SENTENCING PROCEDURE.--

A. At the conclusion of all capital felony cases heard by jury, and after proper charge from the court and argument of counsel, the jury shall retire to consider a verdict of guilty or not guilty without any consideration of punishment. In nonjury capital felony cases, the judge shall first consider a finding of guilty or not guilty without any consideration of punishment.

B. Upon a verdict by the jury or judge that the defendant is guilty of a capital felony, or upon a plea of guilty to a capital felony, the court shall conduct a separate sentencing proceeding to determine whether the defendant should be sentenced to life imprisonment without possibility of release or parole or death [or life imprisonment as authorized herein]. In a jury trial, the sentencing proceeding shall be conducted as soon as practicable by the original trial judge before the original trial jury. In a nonjury trial, the sentencing proceeding shall be conducted as soon as practicable by the original trial judge. In the case of a plea of guilty to a capital felony, the sentencing proceeding shall be conducted as soon as practicable by the original trial judge or by a jury upon demand of a party.

C. In the sentencing proceeding, all evidence admitted at the trial shall be considered, and additional evidence may be presented as to the circumstances of the crime and as to any aggravating or mitigating circumstances pursuant to Sections [6 and 7 of this act] 31-20A-5 and 31-20A-6 NMSA 1978.

D. In a jury sentencing proceeding, the judge shall give appropriate instructions and allow argument, and the jury shall retire to determine the punishment to be imposed. In a nonjury sentencing proceeding, or upon a plea of guilty, where no jury has been demanded, the judge shall allow argument and determine the punishment to be imposed."

Section 4. Section 31-20A-2 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 3) is amended to read:

"31-20A-2. DETERMINATION OF SENTENCE.--

A. Capital sentencing deliberations shall be guided by the following considerations:

(1) whether aggravating circumstances exist as enumerated in Section [6 of this act] 31-20A-5 NMSA 1978;

(2) whether mitigating circumstances exist as enumerated in Section [7 of this act] 31-20A-6 NMSA 1978; and

(3) whether other mitigating circumstances exist.

B. After weighing the aggravating circumstances and the mitigating circumstances, weighing them against each other, and considering both the defendant and the crime, the jury or judge shall determine whether the defendant should be sentenced to life imprisonment without possibility of release or parole or death [or life imprisonment]."

Section 5. Section 31-20A-2.1 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1991, Chapter 30, Section 1) is amended to read:

"31-20A-2.1. [PROHIBITION AGAINST CAPITAL PUNISHMENT] SENTENCING OF MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS--PRESENTENCING HEARING.--

A. As used in this section, "mentally retarded" means significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior. An intelligence quotient of seventy or below on a reliably administered intelligence quotient test shall be presumptive evidence of mental retardation.

B. [The penalty] A sentence of death shall not be imposed on [any] a person who is mentally retarded.

C. Upon motion of the defense requesting a ruling that the penalty of death be precluded under this section, the court shall hold a hearing, prior to conducting the sentencing proceeding under Section 31-20A-3 NMSA 1978. If the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the defendant is mentally retarded, it shall sentence the defendant to life imprisonment without possibility of release or parole. A ruling by the court that evidence of diminished intelligence introduced by the defendant does not preclude the death penalty under this section shall not restrict the defendant's opportunity to introduce [such] the evidence at the sentencing proceeding or to argue that [that] the evidence should be given mitigating significance. If the sentencing proceeding is conducted before a jury, the jury shall not be informed of any ruling denying a defendant's motion under this section."

Section 6. Section 31-20A-3 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 4) is amended to read:

"31-20A-3. COURT SENTENCING.--In a jury sentencing proceeding in which the jury unanimously finds beyond a reasonable doubt and specifies at least one of the aggravating circumstances enumerated in Section [6 of this act] 31-20A-5 NMSA 1978, and unanimously specifies the sentence of death pursuant to Section [3 of this act] 31-20A-2 NMSA 1978, the court shall sentence the defendant to death. [Where] When a sentence of death is not unanimously specified, or the jury does not make the required finding, or the jury is unable to reach a unanimous verdict, the court shall sentence the defendant to life imprisonment without possibility of release or parole. In a nonjury sentencing proceeding and in cases involving a plea of guilty, [where no jury has] when a jury has not been demanded, the judge shall determine and impose the sentence, but he shall not impose the sentence of death except upon a finding beyond a reasonable doubt and specification of at least one of the aggravating circumstances enumerated in Section [6 of this act] 31-20A-5 NMSA 1978."

Section 7. Section 31-20A-5 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 6, as amended) is amended to read:

"31-20A-5. AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES.--The aggravating circumstances to be considered by the sentencing court or jury pursuant to the provisions of Section 31-20A-2 NMSA 1978 are limited to the following:

A. the [victim was] defendant, with the deliberate intent to kill, murdered a peace officer who was acting in the lawful discharge of an official duty when he was murdered;

B. the murder was committed with the deliberate intent to kill in the commission of or attempt to commit [kidnaping] kidnapping, criminal sexual contact of a minor or criminal sexual penetration;

C. the murder was committed with the deliberate intent to kill by the defendant while attempting to escape from a penal institution of New Mexico;

D. while incarcerated in a penal institution in New Mexico, the defendant, with the deliberate intent to kill, murdered a person who was at the time incarcerated in or lawfully on the premises of a penal institution in New Mexico. As used in this subsection, "penal institution" includes facilities under the jurisdiction of the corrections [and criminal rehabilitation] department and county and municipal jails;

E. while incarcerated in a penal institution in New Mexico, the defendant, with the deliberate intent to kill, murdered an employee of the corrections [and criminal rehabilitation] department;

F. the capital felony, with the deliberate intent to kill, was committed for hire; [and]

G. the capital felony, with the deliberate intent to kill, was murder of a witness to a crime or any person likely to become a witness to a crime, for the purpose of preventing report of the crime or testimony in any criminal proceeding or for retaliation for the victim having testified in any criminal proceeding;

H. the defendant, with the deliberate intent to kill, murdered a child less than thirteen years of age;

I. the defendant, with the deliberate intent to kill, murdered a person because of that person's present or former status as a peace officer or employee of the corrections department;

J. the defendant, with the deliberate intent to kill, murdered two or more people in a single incident; and

K. the defendant, with the deliberate intent to kill, committed a murder in a heinous manner."

Section 8. Section 31-20A-6 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1979, Chapter 150, Section 7) is amended to read:

"31-20A-6. MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES.--The mitigating circumstances to be considered by the sentencing court or the jury pursuant to the provisions of Section [3 of this act] 31-20A-2 NMSA 1978 shall include but not be limited to the following:

A. the defendant has no significant history of prior criminal activity;

B. the defendant acted under duress or under the domination of another person;

C. the defendant's capacity to appreciate the [criminalty] criminality of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of the law was impaired;

D. the defendant was under the influence of mental or emotional disturbance;

E. the victim was a willing participant in the defendant's conduct;

F. the defendant acted under circumstances [which] that tended to justify, excuse or reduce the crime;

G. the defendant is likely to be rehabilitated;

H. the defendant cooperated with authorities; and

I. the defendant's age."

Section 9. Section 31-21-10 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1980, Chapter 28, Section 1, as amended) is amended to read:

"31-21-10. PAROLE AUTHORITY AND PROCEDURE.--

A. An inmate of an institution who was sentenced to life imprisonment [as the result of the commission of a capital felony, who] because he was convicted of three violent felonies and sentenced pursuant to Sections 31-18-23 and 31-18-24 NMSA 1978, or [who] because he was convicted of two violent sexual offenses and sentenced pursuant to Subsection A of Section 31-18-25 NMSA 1978 and Section 31-18-26 NMSA 1978, becomes eligible for a parole hearing after he has served thirty years of his sentence. Before ordering the parole of an inmate sentenced to life imprisonment, the board shall:

(1) interview the inmate at the institution where he is committed;

(2) consider all pertinent information concerning the inmate, including:

(a) the circumstances of the offense;

(b) mitigating and aggravating circumstances;

(c) whether a deadly weapon was used in the commission of the offense;

(d) whether the inmate is a habitual offender;

(e) the reports filed under Section

31-21-9 NMSA 1978; and

(f) the reports of such physical and mental examinations as have been made while in [prison] an institution;

(3) make a finding that a parole is in the best interest of society and the inmate; and

(4) make a finding that the inmate is able and willing to fulfill the obligations of a law-abiding citizen.

If parole is denied, the inmate sentenced to life imprisonment shall again become entitled to a parole hearing at two-year intervals. The board may, on its own motion, reopen any case in which a hearing has already been granted and parole denied.

[B. Unless the board finds that it is in the best interest of society and the parolee to reduce the period of parole, a person who was convicted of a capital felony shall be required to undergo a minimum period of parole of five years. During the period of parole, the person shall be under the guidance and supervision of the board.]

B. An inmate of an institution who is sentenced to life imprisonment without possibility of release or parole as the result of his conviction for a capital felony is not eligible for parole and shall remain incarcerated for the entirety of his natural life.

C. An inmate who was convicted of a first, second or third degree felony and who has served the sentence of imprisonment imposed by the court in [a corrections facility] an institution designated by the corrections department shall be required to undergo a two-year period of parole. An inmate who was convicted of a fourth degree felony and who has served the sentence of imprisonment imposed by the court in [a corrections facility] an institution designated by the corrections department shall be required to undergo a one-year period of parole. During the period of parole, the person shall be under the guidance and supervision of the board.

D. [Every] A person [while] who is on parole shall remain in the legal custody of the institution from which he was released but shall be subject to the orders of the board. The board shall furnish to each inmate as a prerequisite to his release under its supervision a written statement of the conditions of parole that shall be accepted and agreed to by the inmate as evidenced by his signature affixed to a duplicate copy to be retained in the files of the board. The board shall also require as a prerequisite to release the submission and approval of a parole plan. If an inmate refuses to affix his signature to the written statement of the conditions of his parole or does not have an approved parole plan, he shall not be released and shall remain in the custody of the [corrections facility] institution in which he has served his sentence, excepting parole, until such time as the period of parole he was required to serve, less meritorious deductions, if any, expires, at which time he shall be released from that [facility] institution without parole, or until such time that he evidences his acceptance and agreement to the conditions of parole as required or receives approval for his parole plan or both. Time served from the date that an inmate refuses to accept and agree to the conditions of parole or fails to receive approval for his parole plan shall reduce the period, if any, to be served under parole at a later date. If the district court has ordered that the inmate make restitution to a victim as provided in Section 31-17-1 NMSA 1978, the board shall include restitution as a condition of parole. The board shall also personally apprise the inmate of the conditions of parole and his duties relating thereto.

E. When a person on parole has performed the obligations of his release for the period of parole provided in this section, the board shall make a final order of discharge and issue him a certificate of discharge.

F. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 31-18-15 NMSA 1978, the board shall require the inmate as a condition of parole:

(1) to pay the actual costs of his parole services to the adult probation and parole division of the corrections department for deposit to the corrections department intensive supervision fund not exceeding one thousand twenty dollars ($1,020) annually to be paid in monthly installments of not less than fifteen dollars ($15.00) and not more than eighty-five dollars ($85.00), subject to modification by the adult probation and parole division on the basis of changed financial circumstances; and

(2) to reimburse a law enforcement agency or local crime stopper program for the amount of any reward paid by the agency or program for information leading to his arrest, prosecution or conviction.

G. The provisions of this section shall apply to all inmates except geriatric, permanently incapacitated and terminally ill inmates eligible for the medical and geriatric parole program as provided by the Parole Board Act."

Section 10. REPEAL.--Section 31-18-14.1 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 2001, Chapter 128, Section 1) is repealed.

Section 11. APPLICABILITY.--The provisions of this act apply only to an individual convicted of a capital felony offense committed on or after July 1, 2003. As to an individual convicted of a capital felony offense committed prior to July 1, 2003, the law regarding a capital felony offense in effect at the time the offense was committed shall apply.

Section 12. EFFECTIVE DATE.--The effective date of the provisions of this act is July 1, 2003.